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Exposure—How Long, How Deep, How Cozy?

The Royal Mail Ship, Empress of Ireland, was an ocean-going luxury liner on her way to Liverpool from Quebec City when she sank in the Saint Lawrence River, 14 minutes after colliding with a Norwegian collier in the early morning fog of 29 May 1914. She had 1,477 people on board—passengers and crew—and the accident claimed the lives of 1,012, more than 800 of them passengers.

Hunted Out of Fear

The shark is an apex predator that has been on this earth for over 400 million years—a predator that, through the media and our deep-seated fears, has been systematically targeted and hunted throughout the world's oceans, pushing many species close to extinction.

Doug Allen - Underwater Cinematographer

Doug Allan in the dive hole with camera, Antarctica.

You might know Doug Allan because of his spectacular cinematography. In his 30-year filming career, he’s been involved with over 60 films and series, and has worked for BBC, Discovery, National Geographic and many others, filming on series such as The Blue Planet, Planet Earth, Human Planet and Frozen Planet.

Diving Indonesia’s Bunaken

Pygmy seahorse, Bunaken, Indonesia. Photo by Kate Clark
Pygmy seahorse, Bunaken, Indonesia. Photo by Kate Clark

We’re swimming fast. Too fast for my liking. I’m taking heaving gulps, and I know my tank won’t last very long if we don’t slow down soon. Just as I’m about to stop and risk losing my group, we hear a rapid series of bangs coming from our dive boat in the distance. Our guide, a lithe Indonesian with pistons for legs and bottomless iron lungs, points into the blue and somehow quickens his pace.

Cuba Gardens of the Queen

A classic Chevrolet car in the parking lot of the Hemingway Museum

As the wheels touched down at Havana’s International airport, the plane erupted with cheers and applause. Many of the passengers on board had waited years, if not decades, to return home and visit relatives in Cuba. As part of a small group of Americans visiting for the first time, I knew immediately that we were in for a special treat.

More than half a billion years ago the first split in the family tree separated one lineage from all other animals. Traditionally, scientists have thought it was sponges but DNA research shows it was comb jellies
More than half a billion years ago the first split in the family tree separated one lineage from all other animals. Traditionally, scientists have thought it was sponges but DNA research shows it was comb jellies

Comb jellies are our oldest cousins, not sponges

The phylogenetic relationship of ctenophores (comb jellies) to other animals has been a source of long-standing debate.

Until recently, it was thought that Porifera (sponges) was the earliest diverging animal lineage, but recent reports have instead suggested Ctenophora as the earliest diverging animal lineage.

For the past 30 years, researchers have used whole-genome sequencing of organisms to advance their understanding of evolution.

Results suggest that local and international efforts can make a big difference in the struggle to recover the world's coastal shark populations.

Lemon sharks return to their exact birthplace to breed

"We found that newborn sharks captured in the mid-1990s left the safety of the islands when they were between five and eight years old," explained Dr Kevin Feldheim, the A. Watson Armour III Manager of the Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution at The Field Museum and the lead author of the study.

Yet, despite leaving and visiting many other islands in their travels, these sharks 'remember' where they were born after a decade of roving, and are able to find the island again when they are pregnant and ready to give birth," Dr Feldheim added.